ABSTRACT
Background. In Mexico, a steady increase of patients with visceral leishmaniasis has been reported, especially in the states of Chiapas and Guerrero, yet only limited information exists on canine leishmaniasis in areas of visceral leishmaniasis in Mexico. A veterinary report of dogs with nonhealing cutaneous lesions in Pungarabato, Guerrero led us to investigate the possible presence of Leishmania infection in an area where Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia evansi, both vectors of Leishmania infantum, have been described. Methods. We analyzed skin lesions of 25 dogs by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Results. We found a 60% prevalence of Leishmania-infected dogs, the infection rate being higher in males than females. Thus, we established a new focus of canine leishmaniasis, and although to date no patients have been reported in this municipality, it is close to and shares the same ecological characteristics of dry tropical forests as regions where visceral leishmaniasis has been reported in Mexico. We also include updated information of localities of visceral leishmaniasis in Mexico as well as the distribution of possible sand fly vectors. Conclusions. Our data show the need to ascertain the magnitude of this new focus in view of the current data on human visceral leishmaniasis, a disease that is surging in Mexico.